diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 34521bde..27c2b014 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -772,6 +772,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "minreq",
  "prettytable",
  "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rayon",
  "rustyline",
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
@@ -800,6 +801,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
  "miette",
  "neon",
+ "rayon",
  "serde_json",
 ]
 
@@ -837,6 +839,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cozo",
  "miette",
  "pyo3",
+ "rayon",
  "serde_json",
 ]
 
diff --git a/cozo-bin/Cargo.toml b/cozo-bin/Cargo.toml
index 64fc45cd..62f451a0 100644
--- a/cozo-bin/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cozo-bin/Cargo.toml
@@ -64,4 +64,5 @@ async-stream = "0.3.3"
 futures = "0.3.25"
 crossbeam = "0.8.2"
 eventsource-client = "0.12.0"
-tower-http = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["full"] }
\ No newline at end of file
+tower-http = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["full"] }
+rayon = "1.8.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cozo-bin/src/server.rs b/cozo-bin/src/server.rs
index fa1895b7..65299335 100644
--- a/cozo-bin/src/server.rs
+++ b/cozo-bin/src/server.rs
@@ -10,11 +10,8 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::convert::Infallible;
 use std::net::{Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr};
 use std::str::FromStr;
-// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
-use std::thread;
-// use std::thread;
 
 use axum::body::Body;
 use axum::extract::{DefaultBodyLimit, Path, Query, State};
@@ -583,7 +580,7 @@ async fn register_rule(
         let rule_senders = st.rule_senders.clone();
         let rule_counter = st.rule_counter.clone();
 
-        thread::spawn(move || {
+        rayon::spawn(move || {
             for (inputs, options, sender) in task_receiver {
                 let id = rule_counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
                 let inputs: serde_json::Value =
diff --git a/cozo-core/src/lib.rs b/cozo-core/src/lib.rs
index a55712eb..7131d1a3 100644
--- a/cozo-core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/cozo-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::thread;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 use std::time::Instant;
 
@@ -506,7 +505,7 @@ impl DbInstance {
         let (app2db_send, app2db_recv) = bounded(1);
         let (db2app_send, db2app_recv) = bounded(1);
         let db = self.clone();
-        thread::spawn(move || db.run_multi_transaction(write, app2db_recv, db2app_send));
+        rayon::spawn(move || db.run_multi_transaction(write, app2db_recv, db2app_send));
         MultiTransaction {
             sender: app2db_send,
             receiver: db2app_recv,
diff --git a/cozo-lib-nodejs/Cargo.toml b/cozo-lib-nodejs/Cargo.toml
index 1bcfeb68..95d368b4 100644
--- a/cozo-lib-nodejs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cozo-lib-nodejs/Cargo.toml
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 crossbeam = "0.8.2"
 miette = "5.5.0"
 serde_json = "1.0.96"
+rayon = "1.8.0"
 
 [dependencies.neon]
 version = "0.10"
diff --git a/cozo-lib-nodejs/src/lib.rs b/cozo-lib-nodejs/src/lib.rs
index 4efcbd88..18ed4a64 100644
--- a/cozo-lib-nodejs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/cozo-lib-nodejs/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::thread;
 
 use crossbeam::channel::Sender;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
@@ -410,7 +409,7 @@ fn query_db(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
 
     let channel = cx.channel();
 
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         let result = db.run_script(
             &query,
             params,
@@ -457,7 +456,7 @@ fn query_tx(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
         .send(TransactionPayload::Query((query.clone(), params)))
     {
         Ok(_) => {
-            thread::spawn(move || {
+            rayon::spawn(move || {
                 let result = tx.receiver.recv();
                 channel.send(move |mut cx| {
                     let callback = callback.into_inner(&mut cx);
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@ fn backup_db(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
     let callback = cx.argument::<JsFunction>(2)?.root(&mut cx);
     let channel = cx.channel();
 
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         let result = db.backup_db(&path);
         channel.send(move |mut cx| {
             let callback = callback.into_inner(&mut cx);
@@ -523,7 +522,7 @@ fn restore_db(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
     let callback = cx.argument::<JsFunction>(2)?.root(&mut cx);
     let channel = cx.channel();
 
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         let result = db.restore_backup(&path);
         channel.send(move |mut cx| {
             let callback = callback.into_inner(&mut cx);
@@ -553,7 +552,7 @@ fn export_relations(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
     let callback = cx.argument::<JsFunction>(2)?.root(&mut cx);
     let channel = cx.channel();
 
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         let result = db.export_relations(relations.iter());
         channel.send(move |mut cx| {
             let callback = callback.into_inner(&mut cx);
@@ -599,7 +598,7 @@ fn import_relations(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
         rels.insert(name, nr);
     }
 
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         let result = db.import_relations(rels);
         channel.send(move |mut cx| {
             let callback = callback.into_inner(&mut cx);
@@ -632,7 +631,7 @@ fn import_from_backup(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
     let callback = cx.argument::<JsFunction>(3)?.root(&mut cx);
     let channel = cx.channel();
 
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         let result = db.import_from_backup(path, &relations);
         channel.send(move |mut cx| {
             let callback = callback.into_inner(&mut cx);
@@ -665,7 +664,7 @@ fn register_callback(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsNumber> {
     let channel = cx.channel();
 
     let (rid, recv) = db.register_callback(&name, capacity);
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         for (op, new, old) in recv {
             let cb = callback.clone();
             channel.send(move |mut cx| {
@@ -701,7 +700,7 @@ fn register_named_rule(mut cx: FunctionContext) -> JsResult<JsUndefined> {
         let msg = cx.string(err.to_string());
         return cx.throw(msg);
     }
-    thread::spawn(move || {
+    rayon::spawn(move || {
         for (inputs, options, sender) in recv {
             let id = HANDLES.cb_idx.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
             {
diff --git a/cozo-lib-python/Cargo.toml b/cozo-lib-python/Cargo.toml
index 79ffb982..03441c49 100644
--- a/cozo-lib-python/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cozo-lib-python/Cargo.toml
@@ -44,4 +44,5 @@ io-uring = ["cozo/io-uring"]
 cozo = { version = "0.7.6", path = "../cozo-core", default-features = false }
 pyo3 = { version = "0.20.0", features = ["extension-module", "abi3", "abi3-py37"] }
 miette = "5.5.0"
-serde_json = "1.0.96"
\ No newline at end of file
+serde_json = "1.0.96"
+rayon = "1.8.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cozo-lib-python/src/lib.rs b/cozo-lib-python/src/lib.rs
index 75b77bee..97698c72 100644
--- a/cozo-lib-python/src/lib.rs
+++ b/cozo-lib-python/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  */
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
-use std::thread;
 
 use miette::{IntoDiagnostic, Report, Result};
 use pyo3::exceptions::PyException;
@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ impl CozoDbPy {
         if let Some(db) = &self.db {
             let cb: Py<PyAny> = callback.into();
             let (id, ch) = db.register_callback(rel, None);
-            thread::spawn(move || {
+            rayon::spawn(move || {
                 for (op, new, old) in ch {
                     Python::with_gil(|py| {
                         let op = PyString::new(py, op.as_str()).into();